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    Public switched telephone network - Wikipedia

    The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the aggregate of the world's telephone networks that are operated by national, regional, or local telephony operators. It provides infrastructure and services for public telephony. The PSTN consists of telephone lines, fiber-optic cables, microwave … See more

    Commercialization of the telephone began shortly after its invention, with instruments operated in pairs for private use between two locations. Users … See more

    The task of building the networks and selling services to customers fell to the network operators. The first company to be incorporated to … See more

    In most countries, the government has a regulatory agency dedicated to provisioning of PSTN services. The agency regulate … See more

    1970s
    The telecommunications industry began implementing packet-switched network data services using the X.25 protocol transported over much of the end-to-end equipment as was already in use in the PSTN.
    1980s
    The industry began planning for digital services assuming they would follow much the same pattern as voice services and conceived end-to-end circuit-switched services, known as the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). The B-ISDN vision was overtaken by the disruptive technology of the Internet.
    end of the 20th century
    The Signalling System 7 (SS7) network controlled calls between most exchanges.
    2023
    Operators worldwide are in the process of retiring support for both last-mile analog telephony and ISDN, and transitioning voice service to Voice over IP via Internet access delivered either via DSL, cable modems or fibre-to-the-premises, eliminating the expense and complexity of running two separate technology infrastructures for PSTN and Internet access.

    Network topology
    The architecture of the PSTN evolved over time to support an increasing number of subscribers, call … See more

    In the United Kingdom, the copper POTS and ISDN-based PSTN is being retired in favour of SIP telephony, with a completion date of December … See more

     
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