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The vault complex comprises the major vault protein (MVP), two minor vault proteins (VPARP and TEP1), and a variety of small untranslated RNA molecules known as vault RNAs (vRNAs, vtRNAs) only found in higher eukaryotes. These molecules …

Although they have been initially described 30 years ago, vault RNAs are largely unknown and their molecular role is still under investigation. In this review we will summarize the known functions of vault RNAs and their involvement in cellular mechanisms. Keywords: Vault RNA, Non-coding RNAs, Vault ribonucleoprotein complex.

Apr 24, 2009 · Vault RNA is also known as vRNA and vtRNA Discovery In 1986, while purifying rat liver coated vesicles, the Leonard Rome lab of UCLA consistently observed ovoid structures that were smaller than most coated vesicles.

Mar 1, 2024 · Vault RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs containing stem regions or loops with well-conserved sequence patterns that play a fundamental role in the function of vault particles through RNA-ligand, RNA–RNA, or RNA-protein interactions.

vtRNA1-1 is the best known among four vault RNA paralogues in humans, and the vtRNA1-1 gene shows the highest expression level in the group of vault RNA-coding genes. vtRNA1-1 is involved in the regulation of crucial cellular processes associated with homeostasis.

May 8, 2015 · Non-protein-coding RNAs are a functionally versatile class of transcripts exerting their biological roles on the RNA level. Recently, we demonstrated that the vault complex-associated RNAs...

Feb 21, 2019 · Vault RNAs (vtRNA) are small non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III found in many eukaryotes. Although they have been linked to drug resistance, apoptosis, and viral replication, their molecular functions remain unclear.

Apr 6, 2024 · In this review, we discuss known functions of human vault RNAs in the context of cellular metabolism, emphasizing processes related to cancer and cancer therapy efficacy.

Here, we review the contributions of the four human vault RNAs to cellular proliferation, apoptosis and cancer biology. The importance of non-coding RNAs for regulating gene expression has been uncovered in model systems spanning all three domains of life.

An evolutionary highly conserved sub-group of non-coding RNAs is represented by vault RNAs, named since firstly discovered as component of the largest known ribonucleoprotein complexes called "vault".