“Any officer or employee of an agency, who by virtue of his employment or official position, has possession of, or access to, agency records which contain individually identifiable information the disclosure of which is prohibited by this section or by rules or regulations established thereunder, and who knowing that disclosure of the specific material is so prohibited, willfully discloses the material in any manner to any person or agency not entitled to receive it, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not more than $5,000.” 5 U.S.C. § 552a (i) (1).

For example, under Section 3 of the federal Privacy Act of 1974, the penalty for violation of privacy in a criminal matter may lead to fines of up to $5,000 for willfully and knowingly gaining access or requesting a record concerning a certain individual based on false pretenses.