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  2. A lingua franca typically arises out of necessity, evolving or establishing itself in situations where multiple languages converge due to trade, colonization, or migration. It serves as a bridge between diverse linguistic communities, allowing for basic communication, business transactions, and cultural exchange.
    sprachpunkt.com/guide/lingua-franca/
    A lingua franca (pronounced LING-wa FRAN-ka) is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native languages are different. It is from the Italian, "language" + "Frankish" and also known as a trade language, contact language, international language, and global language.
    www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-lingua-franca-1691237
    The term was first used during the Middle Ages to describe a French- and Italian-based jargon, or pidgin, that was developed by Crusaders and traders in the eastern Mediterranean and characterized by the invariant forms of its nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
    www.britannica.com/topic/lingua-franca

    Lingua franca etymology history features Characteristics examples

      englopedia.com/lingua-franca-and-its-characteristics/
       
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      What is a lingua franca?Any language regularly used for communication between people who do not share a native language is a lingua franca. Lingua franca is a functional term, independent of any linguistic history or language structure.
      What languages are used in lingua franca?In addition, languages such as Swahili and Hindi are used as regional lingua francas. However, the original and eponymous Lingua Franca was a trading language, used among and between Europeans and Arabs across the Mediterranean.
      Is lingua franca a language shift?Widespread use may lead to the adoption of the lingua franca as mother tongue, which is an example of language shift, or to the reduction of inter ethnic bilingualism and eventual death of competing languages.
      Does lingua francae exist?Linguae francae or any of the following: linguas francas, linguas franca or lingua francas, seems potentially more appropriate and accurate. Plausibly, the breadth equally legitimates an argument for the non-existence of Lingua Franca. Each variation may have been no more than an L2 version of a Romance tongue.
       
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      Lingua franca - Wikipedia

      Any language regularly used for communication between people who do not share a native language is a lingua franca. Lingua franca is a functional term, independent of any linguistic history or language structure. Pidgins are therefore lingua francas; creoles and arguably mixed languages may similarly be used for … See more

      A lingua franca , also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used … See more

      The term is well established in its naturalization to English and so major dictionaries do not italicize it as a "foreign" term. See more

      • Hall, R.A. Jr. (1966). Pidgin and Creole Languages. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0173-9.
      • Heine, Bernd (1970). Status and Use of … See more

      Examples image

      The term lingua franca derives from Mediterranean Lingua Franca (also known as Sabir), the pidgin language that people around the Levant and the eastern Mediterranean Sea … See more

      Historical lingua francas
      The use of lingua francas has existed since antiquity.
      Akkadian, … See more

       
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    • Definition and Examples of a Lingua Franca - ThoughtCo

      WebJun 15, 2020 · A lingua franca (pronounced LING-wa FRAN-ka) is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication …

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      WebAug 1, 2017 · While lingua franca exists in many forms and variants all over the world, they all share several common characteristics. One distinct characteristic of a lingua franca is that the lingua franca is neither …

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