Modern tactics of espionage and dedicated government intelligence agencies developed over the course of the late-19th century. A key background to this development was See more

Collective counterintelligence is gaining information about an opponent's intelligence collection capabilities whose aim is at an entity.
Defensive … See more

Frank Wisner, a well-known CIA operations executive said of the autobiography of Director of Central Intelligence See more

Offensive techniques in current counterintelligence doctrine are principally directed against human sources, so counterespionage … See more

Many governments organize counterintelligence agencies separately and distinct from their intelligence collection services. In most countries the counterintelligence mission is spread over multiple organizations, though one usually predominates. … See more

In U.S. doctrine, although not necessarily that of other countries, CI is now seen as primarily a counter to FIS HUMINT. In the 1995 US Army … See more

• Johnson, William R. Thwarting Enemies at Home and Abroad: How to Be a Counterintelligence Officer (2009)
• Ginkel, B. van (2012). "Towards the intelligent use of intelligence: Quis Custodiet ipsos Custodes?" See more