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Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans … See more
Early life
Victor Gruen was born on July 18, 1903, in a middle-class Jewish family in Vienna, Austria. He studied architecture at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. A committed See moreShopping malls designed by Gruen
• Northland Center, Southfield, Michigan, 1954
• Woodmar Plaza, Hammond, Indiana, 1954 See more• M. Jeffrey Hardwick, Mall Maker: Victor Gruen, Architect of an American Dream, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8122-3762-7
• Anette Baldauf, "Shopping Town USA: Victor Gruen, the Cold War, and the Shopping Mall". … See more• Elsie Caroline Krummeck (Gruen's second wife and fellow designer)
• Fox Plaza (San Francisco) See moreWikipedia text under CC-BY-SA license WEBJul 17, 2015 · Gruen, an Austrian Jewish architect born Viktor David Grünbaum, immigrated to New York with $8 in his pocket, and when he …
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WEBMar 31, 2018 · Sylvan Goldman invented the first shopping cart in 1936. He owned a chain of Oklahoma City grocery stores called Standard/Piggly-Wiggly. He created his first cart by adding two wire baskets and wheels …
WEBNov 9, 2015 · Modern shopping malls are so common that we forget they’ve only been around for about a half century. Here’s the story of how they came to be…and the story of the man who invented them, Victor …
WEBNov 29, 2016 · While it would come to epitomize the cultural wasteland of postwar suburbia, the shopping mall was the brainchild of an avant-garde European socialist named Victor Gruen. Born in Vienna around the turn …
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WEBJun 24, 2022 · The world’s first indoor mall was meant to usher in a utopian America. But its creator, an Austrian who had fled the Nazis, came to believe a nightmare had been unleashed that ‘destroyed our ...
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