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- Mass gap is a term used in quantum field theory to describe the difference in energy between the lowest energy state, the vacuum, and the next lowest energy state1. It is the mass of the lightest particle1. The term is also used to describe a quantum mechanical property called the "mass gap" in Yang-Mills theory, which is the reason why quantum particles have positive masses2. In some models of stellar evolution, it is predicted that black holes with masses in two ranges cannot be directly formed by the gravitational collapse of a star, and these are sometimes distinguished as the "lower" and "upper" mass gaps3.
Learn more:✕This summary was generated using AI based on multiple online sources. To view the original source information, use the "Learn more" links.In quantum field theory, the mass gap is the difference in energy between the lowest energy state, the vacuum, and the next lowest energy state. The energy of the vacuum is zero by definition, and assuming that all energy states can be thought of as particles in plane-waves, the mass gap is the mass of the lightest particle.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_gapThe successful use of Yang-Mills theory to describe the strong interactions of elementary particles depends on a subtle quantum mechanical property called the “mass gap”: the quantum particles have positive masses, even though the classical waves travel at the speed of light.www.claymath.org/millennium/yang-mills-the-math…Mass gaps It is predicted by some models of stellar evolution that black holes with masses in two ranges cannot be directly formed by the gravitational collapse of a star. These are sometimes distinguished as the "lower" and "upper" mass gaps, roughly representing the ranges of 2 to 5 and 50 to 150 solar masses (M☉), respectively.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_black_hole - People also ask
Yang–Mills existence and mass gap - Wikipedia
WEBIn quantum field theory, the mass gap is the difference in energy between the vacuum and the next lowest energy state. The energy of the vacuum is zero by definition, and assuming that all energy states can be thought of as particles in plane-waves, the mass …
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Mass gap - Wikipedia
WEBIn quantum field theory, the mass gap is the difference in energy between the lowest energy state, the vacuum, and the next lowest energy state. The energy of the vacuum is zero …
Yang-Mills & The Mass Gap - Clay Mathematics Institute
WEBLearn about the unsolved problem of proving the mass gap in quantum Yang-Mills theory, which describes the strong interactions of elementary particles. The mass …
Why is the Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem so …
WEBA question and answers about the mathematical and physical significance of the mass gap in QCD, a gauge theory that describes the strong interaction. The mass gap is the …
Understanding the Mystery of Yang-Mills Theory and the Mass …
WEBThe ‘mass gap’ hypothesis, an intrinsic part of the theory, holds the key to why the universe is a place of matter and structure, instead of a void littered with massless particles.
Yang–Mills theory - Wikipedia
WEBYang–Mills theory and the mass gap. Quantum particles described by the theory have mass but the classical waves of the field travel at the speed of light.
Yang-Mills theory | Quantum, Gauge, Fields | Britannica
WEBFor Yang-Mills theory, one of the most important questions is to mathematically explain the mass gap, or nonzero mass, in quantum applications of the formulas.
Millennium Prize: the Yang-Mills Existence and Mass Gap problem
WEBThe problem is to prove the existence of the mass gap in quantum Yang-Mills theory, which describes the strong force between quarks. The mass gap is the absence of massless …
The Unsolvable Problem | Scientific American
WEBThree mathematicians prove that the spectral gap problem, which is crucial for understanding quantum phase transitions and phases, is undecidable. They trace …
[0911.1013] Mass in Quantum Yang-Mills Theory - arXiv.org
WEBA mathematical physicist comments on the Clay Mathematical Institute problem of Yang-Mills existence and mass gap. He gives his personal views on the related …
WEBA comment on a Clay Millennium Problem by L. D. Faddeev, a mathematician with experience in the matter. He explains the concepts of Yang-Mills field, mass and mass …
WEBThis dissertation reviews the strong CP problem, a violation of CP symmetry in quantum chromodynamics, and its possible solution by the axion, a hypothetical particle that …
A geometric approach to the Yang-Mills mass gap - Springer
WEBI provide a new idea based on geometric analysis to obtain a positive mass gap in pure non-abelian renormalizable Yang-Mills theory.
Yang-Mills existence and mass gap - Clay Mathematics Institute
WEBYang-Mills existence and mass gap. In 2001, the University of Texas, Austin held a series of seven general audience evening lectures, “The Millennium Lectures”, based on the …
The Mass Gap and Its Applications - World Scientific Publishing …
WEBThis book presents a new method, the introduction of the ‘mass gap’, first suggested by Arthur Jaffe and Edward Witten at the turn of the millennium. It attempts to show that, to …
What is the Yang-Mills and Mass Gap Problem? - Medium
WEBYang-Mills and Mass Gap. The Yang-Mills theory describes elementary particles, which are particles with no substructure (quarks, leptons, Higgs boson), using algebraic objects.
mass gap in nLab
WEBThe mass gap problem is an open conceptual problem in the quantization of Yang-Mills theory, closely related to what in the phenomenology of quantum chromodynamics is …
Mass gap | physics | Britannica
WEB…mechanical property called the “mass gap.” The theory was introduced in 1954 by Chinese-born American physicist Chen Ning Yang and American physicist Robert L. …
Mystery in the “mass gap” | Science - AAAS
WEBreport the discovery of a compact object of ∼2.35 solar masses that sits at the lower edge of this mass gap. It could be either the most massive neutron star or the least massive …
LIGO-Virgo Finds Mystery Object in "Mass Gap" - California …
WEBNow, in a new study from the National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo detector in Europe, scientists have …
WEBYang-Mills Existence And Mass Gap: Prove that for any compact simple gauge group G, quantum Yang-Mills on R4 exists and has a mass gap ∆ > 0. Of course, at present to …
Get Medigap Basics | Medicare
WEBImportant: In Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, Medigap policies are standardized in a different way. In some states, you may be able to buy another type of …
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WEBNew research addresses a gap in understanding how ketamine’s impact on individual neurons leads to pervasive and profound changes in brain network function. ... More …
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Mass Gap - arXiv.org
WEBHowever, in 2019, the LIGO and Virgo collaborations discovered a merger of two black holes with best- t masses 66 M. and 85 M [14, 15]. These masses would place both …
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WEBNew York Gov. Kathy Hochul on Wednesday, June 5, 2024 indefinitely delayed implementation of a plan to charge motorists big tolls to enter the core of Manhattan, just …
Boston area has a lot of work to do to close wage gap for Latinas
WEBBoston area has a lot of work to do to close wage gap for Latinas. The article “ The wage gap for Latinas persists ” (Metro, June 2) made several great points about gender and …
WEB3.3.1 String mass gap and unitarity We begin by considering the simplest example which is the Veneziano amplitude with a mass gap δ. The spectral curve is then f(µ,ν) = ν+ δ−µ= …
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