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  2. Causes of misinformation include12345:
    • Unconfirmed details during breaking news stories.
    • Partisanship, identity, confirmation bias, motivated reasoning, and lack of trust in institutions.
    • Manipulation techniques such as impersonation, conspiracy, emotion, polarization, discrediting, and trolling.
    • Varying individual skill in recognizing misinformation.
    • Personal beliefs, motivations, and emotions.
    • Discussing events with other witnesses.
    • Repeated exposure to misinformation.
    • The passage of time.
    Learn more:
    Misinformation can occur when individuals or organizations unwittingly get the facts wrong. Misinformation often surfaces when a breaking news story is unfolding and details have not yet been confirmed.
    www.britannica.com/topic/misinformation-and-disin…
    The most popular explanations as to why people believe and share misinformation were partisanship, identity, confirmation bias, motivated reasoning, and lack of trust in institutions.
    misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/a-survey-of-e…
    Six “degrees of manipulation”—impersonation, conspiracy, emotion, polarization, discrediting, and trolling—are used to spread misinformation and disinformation, according to Sander van der Linden, PhD, a professor of social psychology in society at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom and director of the Cambridge Social Decision-Making Lab, and his colleagues.
    www.apa.org/monitor/2021/03/controlling-misinfor…
    According to Scheufele and Krause, misinformation belief has roots at the individual, group and societal levels. At the individual level, individuals have varying levels of skill in recognizing mis- or dis-information and may be predisposed to certain misinformation beliefs due to other personal beliefs, motivations, or emotions.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation

    Factors Influencing the Misinformation Effect

    • Discussing the Event With Other Witnesses Talking to other witnesses following an event can distort a person's original memory. ...
    www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-misinformation …
     
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