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- Confounding variables are factors that affect the outcome of an experiment or a study, but are not the variables of interest123.Examples of confounding variables in psychology include123:
- Order effects: the order in which participants receive different treatments or tasks may influence their performance or behavior.
- Participant variability: the individual differences among participants may affect the results, such as age, gender, personality, motivation, etc.
- Social desirability effect: participants may respond in a way that they think is more socially acceptable or desirable, rather than their true feelings or opinions.
- Hawthorne effect: participants may change their behavior or performance because they know they are being observed or studied.
- Demand characteristics: participants may guess the purpose of the study and try to confirm or disconfirm the researcher's hypothesis, either consciously or unconsciously.
- Evaluation apprehension: participants may feel anxious or nervous about being evaluated or judged by the researcher or other participants, which may affect their behavior or performance.
- Coffee intake and heart disease: a study may find a positive correlation between coffee consumption and heart disease, but the confounding variable could be smoking, which is associated with both coffee drinking and heart disease.
- IQ and reading ability: a study may find a positive correlation between children's IQ and reading ability, but the confounding variable could be parental education, which is related to both IQ and reading ability.
- Bottle-feeding and diarrhea: a study may find a positive correlation between bottle-feeding and diarrhea in infants, but the confounding variable could be maternal education, which is related to both bottle-feeding and hygiene practices.
- Weather and murder rate: a study may find a positive correlation between weather and murder rate, but the confounding variable could be ice-cream sales, which increase in hot weather and attract more people to public places, where they may encounter violent situations.
Learn more:✕This summary was generated using AI based on multiple online sources. To view the original source information, use the "Learn more" links.Here are some confounding variables that you need to be looking out for in experiments: Order Effects. Participant variability. Social desirability effect. Hawthorne effect. Demand characteristics. Evaluation apprehension.mindfulness-supervision.org.uk/what-is-a-confound…Confounding Variables Examples
- 1. IQ and Reading Ability A study could find a positive correlation between children’s IQ and reading ability. ...
- 2. Coffee Intake and Heart Disease ...
- 3. Medication and Recovery Time ...
helpfulprofessor.com/confounding-variable-examples/Examples of Confounding Variable: A mother’s education. Suppose a study is done to reveal whether bottle-feeding is related to an increase of diarrhea in infants. … Weather. Another example is the correlation between murder rate and the sale of ice-cream. … Slanted wood.studybuff.com/what-is-a-confounding-variable-in-ps… - People also askWhat could be the reason for confusion in simple tasks?
Dr. Mayank Saxena
Doctor of Medicine (MBBS) · 1 years of exp
There are many possible reasons for confusion in simple tasks. Some of the most common causes include: 1. Stress or anxiety: When we are stressed or anxious, it can be difficult to focus and concentrate. This can make it hard to complete even simple tasks. 2. Depression: Depression can also cause confusion and difficulty thinking clearly. 3. Head injury: A head injury can damage the brain and lead to cognitive problems, including confusion. 4. Medications: Some medications, such as sedatives and anticonvulsants, can cause confusion as a side effect. 5. Substance abuse: Alcohol and other drugs can also cause confusion. 6. Dementia: Dementia is a brain disorder that causes a decline in cognitive function. This can lead to confusion, memory problems, and difficulty with simple tasks. 7. Sleep deprivation: When we are sleep deprived, it can be difficult to think clearly and make decisions. This can lead to confusion and difficulty completing tasks. 8. Medical conditions: Some medical conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid problems, and infections, can cause confusion as a symptom.Q&A: Neurocognitive Disordersmicrosoftstart.msn.com Confounding Variables in Psychology: Definition & Examples
Due to the presence of confounding variables in research, we should never assume that a correlation between two variables implies causation. When an extraneous variable has not been properly controlled and interferes with the dependent variable (i.e., results), it is called a confounding variable. For example, … See more
Glen, Stephanie. Confounding Variable: Simple Definition and Example. Retrieved from StatisticsHowTo.com: Elementary Statistics for the rest of us! … See more
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WEBMay 29, 2020 · Learn what confounding variables are and how they can bias your research results. Find out how to reduce their impact using methods such as restriction, …
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WEBOct 1, 2018 · People who consume less alcohol might be more likely to eat a healthier diet or less likely to smoke, for example. Eating a healthy diet or smoking might in turn affect mortality. These other influencing …
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WEBNov 21, 2023 · An example of a cofounding variable in psychology would be children's shoe size as a predictor of reading ability. The confounding variable in this example is age. Older...
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WEBJan 17, 2024 · 1. Lack of Attribution of Cause and Effect. Confounding variables can lead researchers to erroneously attribute causation where there is none. This happens when …
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WEBOct 22, 2023 · Confounding Variables Examples. 1. IQ and Reading Ability. A study could find a positive correlation between children’s IQ and reading ability. However, the …
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WEBMay 4, 2022 · Even if you correctly identify a cause-and-effect relationship, confounding variables can result in over- or underestimating the impact of your independent variable …
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WEBNov 21, 2023 · An example of a confounding variable is the correlation between shark attacks and ice cream sales. These trends are not responsible for one another, but …
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WEBOct 24, 2016 · Here are some confounding variables that you need to be looking out for in experiments: Order Effects. Participant variability. Social desirability effect. Hawthorne …
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WEBExtraneous & Confounding Variables. Extraneous variables are any factors that intrude upon and adversely affect the DV (i.e.not the IV, which the researcher has specifically …
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WEBNov 10, 2023 · These other variables are called extraneous or confounding variables. Extraneous variables should be controlled where possible, as they might be important …
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WEBA confounding variable is an unmeasured third variable that influences, or “confounds,” the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable by suggesting the …
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WEBConfounding variable. An extraneous variable that varies systematically with the IV so we cannot be sure of the true source of the change to the DV. Demand Characteristics. …
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WEBOct 5, 2023 · An example of a dependent variable is depression symptoms, which depend on the independent variable (type of therapy). In an experiment, the researcher looks for …
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