Spies are generally divided into three categories: 1 declared intelligence officers (overt) 2 people working under official cover, such as spies working as diplomats, military personnel and embassy/civilian support personnel 3 non-official cover spies, often ostensibly working in commercial, academic and trade positions.

While spying can occur in many forms, the intelligence can only be derived a few ways: signals intelligence (SIGINT), imagery intelligence (IMINT), measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) or human intelligence (HUMINT).

Espionage is now addressed by 3 offences in the Bill: obtaining or disclosing protected information; obtaining or disclosing trade secrets; and assisting a foreign intelligence service.

Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information ( intelligence ). A person who commits espionage is called an espionage agent or spy. [1] Any individual or spy ring (a cooperating group of spies), in the service of a government, company, criminal organization, or independent operation, can ...

Counterintelligence. Counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism organizations. Counterintelligence failures. Cyber espionage. Cyber spying on universities. H. Clandestine HUMINT and covert action. Intelligence cycle security. Military intelligence. Nuclear espionage. Recruitment of spies. Sexpionage. Category: Espionage.