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Preprocessor Directives in C
Preprocessor directives are commands that tell the preprocessor, a program that processes the source code before it passes through the compiler, to perform some specific tasks2. Preprocessor directives begin with a hash (#) symbol and do not require a semicolon at the end1.
There are three main categories of preprocessor directives in C1:
Macro substitution directives: These are used to define or undefine macros, which are symbolic constants or expressions that can be replaced by the preprocessor with their corresponding values or expressions. For example:
// Define a macro named PI with the value 3.14#define PI 3.14// Undefine the macro named PI#undef PI// Define a macro named SQUARE with an argument x#define SQUARE(x) (x) * (x)// Use the macroint y = SQUARE(5); // y is assigned 25File inclusion directives: These are used to include the contents of another file in the source code program. There are two types of file inclusion directives: #include and #include "filename". The former is used to include header files from the standard library, while the latter is used to include user-defined header files or other source files. For example:
// Include the standard input/output header file#include <stdio.h>// Include a user-defined header file named "myheader.h"#include "myheader.h"Compiler control directives: These are used to control the compiler actions, such as conditional compilation, error generation, or line control. Conditional compilation allows the programmer to include or exclude a section of code based on some conditions. For example:
// Define a macro named DEBUG#define DEBUG// If DEBUG is defined, include this section of code#ifdef DEBUGprintf("Debug mode is on.\n");#endif// If DEBUG is not defined, include this section of code#ifndef DEBUGprintf("Debug mode is off.\n");#endifLearn more✕This summary was generated using AI based on multiple online sources. To view the original source information, use the "Learn more" links.Explore further
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